![]() ![]() Finally, the outnumbered Confederates cracked under the assaults, racing back across Young's Branch and the Warrenton Road. Bartow held until early noon against the disjointed Union attacks. Evans urgently asked for reinforcements, which came piecemeal, slowly being drawn from the Confederate right, miles downstream. Evans' Confederates opposed the Union attack force. The battle began in earnest in midmorning when Col. Confederate signalmen had already detected the movement, and Confederate troops were rushing north to meet the threat. The flanking column forded the stream at Sudley Springs and deployed 3 hours behind schedule. Shortly after 5:00 A.M., Union artillery north of Bull Run opened fire, while Union infantrymen feinted against the 8-mile long Confederate line. His plan to attack Beauregard near Bull Run, a meandering stream to the east of Manassas, was sound, but it was too much for the raw Federals to execute, and he did not know that spies had reported his advance, giving Johnston the time he needed to reinforce Beauregard. On July 21, by 2:00 A.M., McDowell had his 12,000-man flanking column marching down the Warrenton Pike from Centreville, where thy had been camped since July 18. Inadequate orders delayed the Confederate advance. The commander of each inexperienced army planned an envelopement of the others left flank. This is why the Union soldiers had to only enlist for 90-days at the beginning of the war. Most people figured that the war would end a few months after it started. The war wasn't expected to last very long. The Union army was to drive the Confederates away and make a drive to Richmond. Johnston's 11,000 men in the Shenandoah Valley, preventing them from reinforcing Beauregard. Robert Patterson's 18,000 men engaged Brig. McDowell planned to swoop down upon this numerically inferior Confederate army, while Maj. Manassas Junction was a vital railroad center about 29 miles southwest of Washington, D.C. Beauregard, and drive them from Manassas Junction. and attack the Confederate forces, commanded by Brig. On July 16, Lincoln ordered McDowell to leave Washington, D.C. He was reassured by Lincoln, who responded, "You are green, it is true, but they are green also you are all green alike." Against his better judgment, McDowell started his campaign. McDowell, however, was concerned about the untried nature of his army. who wished to see a quick battlefield victory over the Confederates in northern Virginia. Once in this capacity, McDowell was harassed by impatient politicians and citizens in Washington, D.C. Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command of the Army of Northeastern Virginia. Pressured by public opinion, opposing presidents Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln urged their respective armies to begin offensive operations.īrig. Johnston andĬonclusion: Confederate Victory 1st Manassas/Bull Run Campaignīooks on The Battle of Manassas / Bull Run & the 1st Manassas/Bull Run Campaign are available from īy early summer of 1861, the war-fevered citizenry of the Union and the newly established Confederacy were clamoring for the fighting to begin. Irvin McDowellĬonfederate Forces Commanded by Brig. ![]()
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